What are the extreme weather events?
Extreme events are occurrences of unusually severe weather or climate conditions that can cause devastating impacts on communities and agricultural and natural ecosystem.
- Heat waves
- Wildfire
- Droughts
- Floods
- Hurricane
- Torrential rains
- Cold snap
- Tornada
Heat waves
What is heat waves climate change?
- Unusually hot days and heat wave events are natural part of day-to-day variation in the weather.
What is heat waves example?
- The temperatures have to be outside the historical averages for a given area.
What are the causes of heat waves?
- Heat waves are the result of trapped air. The air is often trapped due to high-pressure system.
Drought
What are drought events?
- A drought is a period of time when on area or region experiences below normal precipitation.
Various cause of drought?
- Natural causes, some droughts have occurred naturally playing humankind throughout much of our history.
- Altered weather patterns
·
- Excess water demand
- Deforestation and soil degradation
- Global warming
- Climate changes
- Fluctuating ocean and land temperatures
Types of drought
- Meteorological drought – when dry weather patterns dominate an area.
- Hydrological drought – when low water supply becomes evident in the water system
- Agricultural drought – when crops become affected by drought
- Soil economic drought
- Ecological drought
Effects of drought
- Drought can limit the growing season and create conditions that encourage insect and disease infestation in certain crops.
- Drought can have serious health, social, economic and political impacts with far-reaching consequences.
- Health impacts – reduction of availability of water for hygiene, which can lead to diarrheal and respiratory diseases.
Flooding
- Floods are the most frequent type of natural disaster and occur when an overflow of water submerges land that is usually dry.
What is famous example of a flood?
- Great Mississippi river flood of 1874. The flooding began in February and only began to recede on 20 may.
What are the 3 most common floods?
- Flash floods
- River floods
- Coastal floods
- When a flood occurs within six hours of heavy rainfall, it is called a flash flood.
- When the melting of snow or precipitation over a large catchment causes rivers to overflow, it is called a river flood.
- If a flood is associated with cyclone, high tides and tsunami it is called as coastal flood.
What are the 3 main causes of floods?
- Heavy rainfall
- Ocean waves coming on shore such as a storm surge.
- Melting snow and ice, as well as ice jams
- Dams or levees breaking.
Hurricane
- A storm with a violent wind, in particular a tropical cyclone in the Caribbean.
What are the four type of hurricane?
- Category 1 – sustained winds of 74-95 mph.
- Category 2 – sustained winds of 96-110 mph.
- Category 3 – sustained winds of 111- 129 mph.
- Category 4 – sustained winds of 130-156 mph.
What is hurricane cause and effect?
Hurricanes begin when masses
of warm, moist air from oceans surfaces starts to rise quickly, and coiled with
masses of cooler air. The collision condense, eventually forming storm clouds
and dropping back as rain. During the condensation process, latent heat is
emitted.
Wildfire
- Fire behavior are low relative humidity, strong surface wind, unstable air, and drought.
What are causes of wildfires?
- High atmospheric temperatures and dryness [low humidity] offer favorable circumstance for a fire to start.
- Manmade causes – fire is caused when a source of fire like naked flame, cigarette or bid, electric spark or any source of ignition comes into contact with inflammable material.
What are the effects of the wildlife?
- Wildfires can disrupt transportation, communications power and gas services and water supply.
- They also lead to deterioration of the air quality and loss of property, crops, resources, animals and people.
Tornadoes
- A tornado is a violently rotating column of air, in contact with the ground, either pendant from a cumuliform cloud or underneath a cumuliform cloud, or often visible as a funnel cloud.
Types of tornadoes
- Supercell tornadoes are the most classic, well-known type of tornado
- Non – supercell tornadoes are associated with squall lines
- Land spouts and waterspouts are very thin rope –like funnels that form while there is no rotating updraft
- Season -; primary spring and summer, but can be at any time of year
- Effect -; wind damage
Torrential rain
What is torrential rain?
It is amount of rain that is
considered especially heavy. The proclamation that rains are torrential simply
means the amount of rain is abundant, had a fast on –set, or lasts for a long
period of time.
What is causes the torrential rain?
The instability in the
atmosphere and moisture results in the torrential rain. When the vapor
condenses into liquid water then it results in rain. For torrential rains the
moisture content should be quite high.
Effect-; flash floods and
landslides, which can decimate houses and flood entire neighborhoods, soil
erosion
Colds nap
A cold wave, sometimes known
as a cold snap or deep freeze, is a weather event involving a cooling of the
air, or the invasion of very cold air, over a large area. It is marked by a
drop of average temperature well below the averages of region.
Effect-; a cold wave can causes death and injury to livestock and wildlife. Death and injury to livestock /wildlife increase in caloric demand of the body. Hypothermia in human beings. Crop failure or death of plants.
The effects of extreme weather events are seen in rising economic costs, loss of human lives, drought, floods, landslides and changes in ecosystems.
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